Annabelle Clarke

PR Manager

Annabelle Clarke | Author

Eduardo Rodrigues

Content Writer

Claudia Tuñón

Isobel Coughlan

Joseph Law

Bumper Content Writer

Alastair Shephard

What's in a number plate? Quite a lot, actually. 

Car number plates give information about the age of a car, the area it's from, and, since 2020, its fuel type. With modern car design becoming even more outlandish, only one design feature stays constant: the number plate. 

Today, we're exploring all-things-number-plates. This blog has the lowdown you need, from UK number plate area codes and personalised plates to legalities and what green plates mean. Scroll down to get informed now. 

UK registration plates have evolved over the years. But the current style has been in place since 2001. This is how it's broken down: 

The first two letters are used to identify where the car was first registered. The first letter denotes the region, typically in a mnemonic style e.g. E = Essex, but not always. 

The second letter is allocated randomly to registration offices within that area. If you’re interested the chart can be found 

Or you can see a few examples of the UK number plate area codes below: 

2. UK number plate year codes (age identifier)

The two numbers that follow the registration plate area codes are the UK number plate year codes (also known as age identifiers). These show the age of the car down to the six month period. Age identifiers change every March 1st and September 1st. 

For example, cars bought from 1st March to August in 2021/22 have an age identifier of 21 and cars bought from 1st September to February in 2021/22 have an identifier of 71. 

See the table below to see how the UK number plate year codes work: 

Finally, random letters are then added to the number plate to give it a unique identity. These don’t have any meaning. 

How to calculate a car's age from the UK number plate year code

New UK number plate year codes are issued twice yearly. The second number indicates the year, and the first indicates what half of the year the reg was issued. The numbers used as the year refer to the unit of the year, e.g. BD51 = 2001, but this becomes less straightforward as the years go on. 

The first two numbers denote the age of the registration number but not necessarily the car. Although, in most cases, you can tell how old a car is from its number plate, it is not always a sure thing. 

For example, a car with “70” in its number plate is from September to February 2020/21. 

Before 2001, the number plates followed a ‘Prefix’ style where the characters followed the format of one letter, three numbers, and then three letters. 

In the Prefix format, the age is denoted by the first letter, ranging from A (1983) to X (2000), with only one new registration released yearly. 

Like the modern format, the first two letters of the last group give the area where the registration was first made. 

Some number plates are green because they’re on an electric vehicle. This format has been around since December 2020. 

Green number plates are only allowed on full EVs, and their purpose is to make spotting cars wrongly parked in EV-only spots easier. It also identifies the vehicle quickly for zero congestion or

Quick guide to personalised number plates 

Personalised number plates (also known as ‘Cherished Plates’) allow people to personalise their car by including their initials, age, and other personal touches. 

Here are some common questions about personalised registration plates. 

Where can I buy a personalised number plate? 

There are a few ways to buy personalised plates, the best place to start is the 

, but there are quite a few other private websites where you can search for certain sets of characters. 

Prices start at around £200 and can soar into the 

Many ‘personalised’ plates are just standard format number plates with special meanings. So, if your number plate contains your initials or means something to you, you can remove the number from the car to put it on another. 

There are a few requirements for this, including how old the car is and how long it has been on the road, but they are all laid out 

Yes, but you have to follow the same rules for spacing and format as other plates. 

One fundamental rule is that you cannot make a car appear newer than it really is by fitting a more modern registration plate. 

Your plates will be rejected if your desired personalised plate doesn't fit the format. 

Because number plates are used for identification, they need to be easy to read by both humans and ANPR systems. Your plates must meet specific guidelines, or they won’t be deemed road-worthy. 

The standard car number plate needs to have 79mm tall and 50mm wide characters. The spacing between letters should be at a minimum of 14mm. 

One trend that these requirements aim to curtail is placing letters close to one another to create a different spelling. Doing this will incur a £1,000 fine and 3 points. 

There are also strict requirements on letter font and colour. Deviation from the 

You may have noticed some number plates have a coloured border around them. This was technically illegal before 2020. 

After 2020, new legislation has made number plate borders legal as long as they follow specific criteria: 

What flag can I have on my number plate? 

In 2009, the rules changed for national identity flags on number plates. Cars registered in the UK can display a flag of England, Scotland, Wales, or the Union Flag. 

Abbreviations of the country names are also allowed but only under a specific guideline, such as “GB”, “Sco”, etc. The complete list is found 

The European flag surrounding the “GB” wording is also still permitted. This is because it removes the need to display a separate “GB” sticker on your car should you travel to Europe. 

Q plates are used on vehicles with either a classified or unknown history. These plates present no information regarding age or location. 

They are often seen on kit, agricultural, and imported cars. In these instances, a Q plate may be used as the vehicle's exact manufacture date is unknown, or they do not have a Vehicle Identification Number. 

Other vehicles often fitted with Q plates are ex-military vehicles that cannot have their history released. 

All about UK number plates - The bottom line

Though they usually go unnoticed, registration plates tell you a lot about your vehicle. Hopefully, this guide has helped you tell your UK number plate year codes from your area codes. Don’t forget this information when you need to workout when and where you purchased your car! 

Need help covering car repairs and surprise costs? Bumper is here to help you split bills into interest-free monthly payments. We’re also on hand to assist with finding local garages and dealerships because we believe car maintenance shouldn’t be stressful! 

 has been writing about cars for over seven years and writing for Bumper for over two, blending his passion for automobiles with a talent for storytelling.

Joseph has written about engineering and cars for Autozilla, Komaspec, and several engineering manufacturers. When he's not writing or tinkering with one of his five cars, Joseph dreams of owning an Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale.

What Do Number Plate Area Codes Mean? & Other Common FAQs

Like many others working in the tech industry, the pandemic had dramatically changed our working life over the last few years. Spending more time at home, away from colleagues, created a more challenging working environment for us.

When it was announced we would be going to Portugal for a team-bonding exercise we were excited for some face-to-face time with colleagues.

Initially, the trip was postponed due to the Covid lockdowns in Turkey, where our tech team are based, so we had to wait a while before we could. 

In preparation, we created an app to keep our fellow ‘Bumpees’ up to date with timetables, flight times and menus for evening meals. The organisers of the trip used the app to send notifications to the attendees. We also had to make sure our visas were applied for and approved, which was a very lengthy process.

When June 2022 arrived, we were ready to go. The team jumped on a plane from Ankara to Lisbon – flight time, 8 hours! We reached Lisbon and headed to our hotel in Ericeira, a small surfer town about 50 minutes from the centre of Lisbon.

Then it was time for the retreat to begin. First on the agenda was meeting the rest of the team face-to-face. Having only seen most of the team members on video calls, it was interesting to see how we shared many of the same values and goals.

The following days were filled with activities, workshops, motivational speakers, and a little time to spend on the beach too! The whole experience was unforgettable and has really brought the team closer together.

Semih Özden graduated with a 3.45 GPA from Orta Doğu Teknik University, Ankara and has over 5 years of experience as a front and back-end developer. 

He has worked as a React developer for Bumper for almost 2 years and is responsible for designing and creating JavaScript-based applications for web or mobile environments. 

Our tech team reflect on their trip to Portugal

A blocked DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) can cause serious engine issues, reducing power and increasing fuel consumption. 

Common symptoms include the DPF warning light, loss of power, black smoke, and poor fuel economy. This guide explains the signs of a clogged DPF and how to fix it.

A DPF filter captures harmful soot particles from diesel exhaust, holding them until they can be burned into less harmful ash through a high-temperature regeneration process.

 Since 2009, DPFs have been mandatory on 

A blocked Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is a common issue in diesel vehicles, with the flashing orange DPF warning light being the most obvious sign. 

But there are other symptoms to watch for, such as:

The most obvious sign of a blocked DPF is the illuminated 

 This indicates that the filter is clogged and may need to be regenerated or cleaned.

Loss of Engine Power & Sluggish Acceleration

If your engine feels sluggish and lacks the usual power, it could be due to a blocked DPF. This restriction can limit the engine's efficiency and performance, causing a noticeable loss of power.

A blocked DPF can prevent your engine from revving past a certain RPM. This is because the engine’s exhaust gases can’t flow freely, which can cause the vehicle to feel restricted.

When the DPF is clogged, incomplete combustion of fuel can cause 

 to be emitted from the exhaust. This is an indication that the engine is struggling to properly filter exhaust gases.

A clogged DPF can lead to starting issues, especially if the filter is severely blocked. If your vehicle struggles to start, it could be related to poor exhaust flow due to the blocked filter.

When the DPF is not functioning optimally, your vehicle may burn more fuel than usual, resulting in 

This happens because the engine works harder to push exhaust gases through the clogged filter.

In many modern vehicles, the start-stop function helps save fuel by turning off the engine when idling. 

A blocked DPF can cause this function to stop working, as the engine may need to stay running to maintain exhaust flow.

A strong smell of diesel inside the cabin could indicate that the DPF is not properly filtering the exhaust gases. This can result in unburned fuel entering the cabin, which can be harmful to both the driver and passengers.

Noticed some clogged DPF symptoms? Here are a few quick fixes for each problem.

If any of the issues above persist, a professional DPF clean may be necessary to restore optimal performance and prevent further damage to your vehicle.

You can use DIY techniques to tend to minor DPF problems. These basic fixes include driving at a higher speed and using a DPF cleaning additive.

While these can help clear blocked DPF symptoms, it’s best to consult a professional for thorough cleaning in case the blockage is significant. In a few cases, you may need a replacement, which is always best done by a professional.

What happens if you ignore a blocked DPF?

Ignoring a blocked DPF can lead to poor engine performance, increased fuel consumption, and potentially severe engine or exhaust system damage. 

These can even lead to costly repairs and reduced vehicle lifespan. Not ideal! If you think your diesel particulate filter is clogged, get it checked out as soon as possible. 

Luckily, you can avoid a clogged DPF. Here are the top 3 tips drivers need to know to ensure their diesel particulate filter isn’t clogged.

Sadly, diesel cars aren’t great if you only want to pop to and from the shops. 

The exhaust needs to be hot to burn off the soot. If it never reaches a temperature high enough, it will only become more blocked. 

To mitigate this, ensure at least once a week it makes a journey above 40mph for over 30 minutes, or more if possible. This is your sign to hit the motorway!

Special oils have been developed for use in DPF-fitted cars. These have lower element content to avoid soot buildup (e.g. Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulphur). 

You'll find these labelled low SAPS at any regular shop selling engine oil. For more information about oils, find out 

3. Take care of any other engine issues promptly

Diesels are generally more complex than petrol engines. They have more components that can fail and cause issues with DPFs. 

You should pay close attention to any issues on:

The above can cause excess oil or soot to exit the engine through miss-fueling or oil consumption. These will clog up a DPF in record time, so be on the lookout for 

How long does a DPF last before it needs replacing? 

A DPF typically lasts between 80,000 to 150,000 miles. This can depend on your driving habits and vehicle maintenance. 

Regular long drives help extend its lifespan, while lots of stop-start city driving may cause it to wear out sooner. 

A DPF replacement costs between £800 to £2,000.

DPF replacement costs are affected by the vehicle's make and model, the type of DPF required, labour costs, and whether the DPF is an aftermarket or original part.

Some garages specialise in replacement DPFs, but generally, most normal garages can remove and replace a DPF. 

With proper maintenance and regular longer journeys, a DPF can last up to 100,000 miles. So, don’t delay those road trips—frequent driving helps keep the DPF functioning well.

Yes, it’s illegal, and you’ll face an invalidated insurance policy and a fine (up to £1,000 for cars and around £2,500 for vans). 

Even if your diesel particulate filter is clogged, you should never remove it.

Think your DPF is clogged? Hopefully, this blog has helped you understand DPF clogs, the symptoms, and how to prevent this problem. While you hopefully won't face this pesky issue, knowing how to navigate it will help you save time if it happens.

If you need to fix your DPF and are worried about costs, Bumper is here to help.

, you can split the cost of DPF replacements and other repairs into monthly instalments, completely interest-free.

Choose from thousands of trusted and reliable repairers.

How to know if your DPF is blocked

Hoe weet je of je roetfilter (DPF) verstopt is?

¿Cómo saber si el Filtro de Partículas Diésel (FAP) está obstruido?

So erkennen Sie, ob der Dieselpartikelfilter (DPF) verstopft ist

We’re thrilled to announce the Dealership of the Month for September 2022 is Arden BMW and Mini Maidstone. Our Business Development Consultant for the Southeast, Jack McHale, met with Elise to present her with the award. 

The meeting was an opportunity for us to catch up with the team at Arden and discuss how Bumper’s PayLater product can be improved for the customer and service advisors using it on-site. 

The team’s successful month using Bumper is certainly shown in their Trustpilot reviews. ‘Great experience, service is great’, wrote one customer. Another said, ‘Easy decision really. Why not spread the cost?’ 

We’ll done to Elise, Marc, Stephen, and the rest of the team on an outstanding month using Bumper to help split the cost of customer’s repair bills into interest-free monthly payments. Here’s to many more! 

Dealership of the Month: Arden BMW and Mini Maidstone 

An internal combustion engine produces significant amounts of heat. In all modern car engines, this heat needs to be controlled and this is done with water. The water pump then is a vital component. 

In this article, we’ll explain a little about what it does, and why it's important to be able to check if the water pump in your car is failing. 

A car's water pump cycles water from the radiator, through the motor and back again, in order to keep the engine at a constant temperature. 

As mentioned, the action of burning fuel inside an engine creates a lot of heat. Typically engines run at around 80-100°C. 

The coolant system uses fluid to move heat from the engine to the outside air. It does this by passing the hot water through the radiator. Car radiators are positioned to allow maximum flow of air over them, reducing the temperature of the coolant. 

The coolant then flows back through the engine and cools the entire system, the 

 depends on your climate and engine type. The water pump is what makes this fluid flow. 

If you’re concerned about your car’s water pump, there are symptoms to look out for. We’re going to go over the main signs of water pump failure. 

The first and foremost thing to check is engine temperature during operation. Many cars have a gauge with an acceptable temperature level and a red or dangerous level.

Ensure the needle of the temperature gauge never enters the red zone, if it does, stop driving the car immediately, as excessive overheating can cause serious damage. 

Check under the vehicle before and after every trip. It may be necessary to open the bonnet and look around the sides of the engine to spot any wet patches or recently damp areas. 

Bear in mind the engine will have been hot enough to evaporate small drips. Patches of rust around the pump are also an indicator it has been dampened at some point. 

It might be helpful to place a plain piece of cardboard or paper under the engine after you park up. Held down with some weights, this will make any drips very easy to spot, especially if you park your car on gravel. 

If the water pump is damaged, and the coolant is not flowing properly, it may boil and exit the system as steam at the expansion tank or radiator. 

If the engine has overheated to this point, do not drive any further than is absolutely necessary, more heating could damage the engine irreparably. 

If you have started to notice a noise such as scraping, or whining from the side of the engine, this too could be the water pump failing. In any case, any such 

should be properly investigated and the car not driven until fixed. 

How much does a water pump replacement cost? 

On average, you can expect to pay between £250-700 for a replacement water pump. Of course, the cost will vary depending on your car’s age, make and model. 

If you're worried about car repair costs, Bumper can help. We've teamed up with trusted partners around the UK to offer 0%-interest car repair loans.

How critical are the cooling system and water pump 

As we’ve discussed, coolant is used to move heat away from the engine, so what happens if your water pump fails? 

Without cooling, an engine can quickly reach 150°C and beyond. At these temperatures, plastics around the engine will begin to soften and become weak and wiring will melt and cause shorts, but most terminally, metal engine components can warp. 

The head and block are the two main components of an engine, between them is a head gasket, which seals against the pressure of the combustion chambers or cylinders. 

If the head becomes warped, it is likely a loss of pressure in the cylinders will result. The level of pressure in a cylinder is known as ‘compression’ and head warping and head-gasket failure are common causes of low compression.

Low compression will make the engine run poorly and inefficiently, and in many cases not run at all. A vehicle that has suffered a warped head or head gasket failure cannot be driven. 

how much a head gasket replacement costs.

If you experience any of the problems listed above or have noticed any of the warning signs, it's important to get your car checked over as soon as possible. Water pump failure can lead to irreparable damage to the engine, and it will leave the car stranded. 

When repairing the water pump it’s recommended to change your cam belt 

 On many cars with a cambelt, the belt needs to be removed to change the water pump, so it makes economical use of the labour time to do both at once. 

If you need any assistance with car servicing and repair costs, enter your vehicle registration and postcode with 

 and apply for interest-free monthly instalments for maintenance invoices. 

4 signs your water pump is failing

4 Anzeichen, dass Ihre Wasserpumpe defekt ist

This Halloween we are celebrating some of the most iconic cars featured in movies fit for Halloween! We’ve narrowed them down to our top 5 favourites – some due to their looks and others because of their heroic nature! Take a look at the cars and their movies listed below and see if you agree: 

It would be impossible to write this list without including the wonderfully colourful Mystery Machine! It isn't completely clear what this green and blue van with orange daisies is, but it is often believed by fans to be either a Dodge A100 or a Chevy G-Body. 

Usually driven by the character Fred Jones, this famous ‘van’ features in the Scooby-Doo TV series since 1969 and then later in two movies. The Mystery Machine earns its place in our Halloween list not only because of our fond memories of the Scooby-Doo franchise but also because in one early episode it comes to life and goes rogue! 

4. Cadillac Series 62 - Nightmare on Elm Street 

Featured in this beloved classic of the horror genre, this beautiful red 1958 Cadillac Series 62 really is a car to die for.

Well, perhaps not. Belonging to Glen, the boyfriend of the leading character Nancy, this car plays a vital role at the end of the film when all appears calm again and Freddy Krueger has evaporated. On an innocent journey to school, the car becomes possessed by Freddy and the green and red striped top of the car suddenly comes down and locks them in before driving uncontrollably down the street with Marge dragged in through the window! 

Ok, so this isn't really a Halloween movie, but this magical car from the wonderful world of wizardry surely deserves its place on the list. Originally a standard Ford Anglia until bewitched under the ownership of Arthur Weasley and used to fly (not drive!) his family around. 

The car becomes a star of its own right in the second Harry Potter film of the series, The Chamber of Secrets when it is stolen by Arthur’s son Ron along with Harry and used to take them to school. 

The car becomes entangled in and then engulfed by the famous Whomping Willow on the grounds of Hogwarts School. It features again later in the film when it comes to the rescue of Harry, Ron and Fang the dog from the vicious Aragog’s family.

Appearing in all four films from 1984 to 2021 as well as the animated television series and video games, we think it’s fair to say that everyone recognises this car! 

The Ectomobile, AKA the Ecto-1 is based on a 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor Sentinel. This fictional vehicle was originally designed by Steven Dane who is quite rightly, listed in the credits as Hardware Consultant. 

Featuring several gadgets as well as its ‘proton cannon’ mounted on top, this car is responsible for transporting the Ghost Busters and their ghost-busting equipment on their missions around New York City. 

Due to its popularity, a miniature replica of this car has been mass-produced and sold as toys all over the world. 

Taking our number 1 spot in the list is this hero of all hero cars. The Batmobile! A heavily customised armoured tactical assault car relied upon for its speed during a pursuit, it's fair to say that Batman would not be Batman without this car.

First appearing in the comic series in May 1939 as a red car, it has featured the iconic bat motif and has had many customisations and facelifts throughout the years reflecting the evolution of technology. The several iterations from the comic books and TV series to the films and video games have kept the car current and incredibly popular. 

The Batmobile as we know it now is a sporty and mean-looking black car that can also self-drive.

In the mood for a scare? Check out our list of 

Our top 5 cars from scary movies 

With spooky season-season fast-approaching, we’ve put together this handy guide to the most haunted roads in Britain. To help you plan that Halloween getaway route (if there is such a thing), we’ve given each entry on this list a rating on the spook-o-meter. So without further-a-ghoul let's get into it. 

One of the oldest roads in the country, this route was built over 2,000 years ago by the Ancient Romans. And it seems they were rather keen on the 230-mile route from Birmingham to Carlisle, as they decided to stick around. It has been reported by many drivers that ghostly Roman soldiers have been marching across the road in the dead of night. 

It's good to have pride in your work. We've awarded this with a 3/10 on the spook-o-meter. We're pretty sure we can handle a few revenant Romans. 

The A229 (spine-chilling Suffolk to creepy Kent) 

Our next road on the list is, according to some sources, the most haunted road in England. That’s right it’s the A229 from Suffolk to Kent. Legend has it that along this road the ghost of a hitchhiker will ask you for a ride. Once on board, he’ll take his seat on the passenger side and start to tell you his stories, but then he will completely vanish in an instant! 

But that’s not the only reason to avoid the A229. It's also believed to be haunted by the ghost of a bride who tragically died on her wedding day. She's said to have walked the road ever since. 

A definite 6/10 on the spook-o-meter. We'll look for an alternative route on our next trip to Kent. 

The final entry on our list is without a doubt our scariest. During construction of the Stocksbridge Bypass linking Sheffield to Manchester, night-time security guards reported seeing several children laughing and singing in the dead of night. Construction workers on the bypass also spoke of children dressed in ‘old fashioned clothes’ dancing in the road. 

Also, during construction, guards saw a cloaked figure that later vanished. Soon after, presumably traumatised by the events, one of the guards quit their position. Investigating officers on the scene claimed their car began to shake whilst an unknown figure had its torso pressed up against the window. 

Over the years, reports have also been made of children playing by the pylons and some other drivers have even said they’ve had to swerve to avoid bodies in the middle of the road. 

Very spooky indeed. We're giving this one an 8/10 on the spook-o-meter and will definitely be giving this one a by-pass. 

Looking for more spooky content? Take a look at our list of 

Scariest places to break down UK 

, cars fitted with ABS are 48% less likely to be involved in road traffic accidents than those without. It’s hard to put a number on the number of lives saved, but anyone with experience trying to stop in wet weather in a car without ABS knows how brilliant the technology is.

ABS enables inexperienced drivers to brake safely in wet conditions, with a much reduced risk of losing control or skidding. 

In this article, we’ll discuss how you know your ABS is working and signs it has a fault. We’ll also look at what ABS does and what to do if your ABS is faulty.

If you recently had to brake very harshly, particularly on a wet or gravelled surface, and you felt the brake pedal and front of the car shake slightly and heard a fast juddering sound, this is your ABS system working.

If your ABS light is on, you might have a fault in the system. Here are the four main reasons the light may appear:

Symptoms of an ABS fault are hard to pinpoint. If in any doubt you should always take the car to a mechanic to have the system checked, before continuing to drive. 